Then, it is undertaken by Us to explain it. [75:19]

Bayan al-Qur’an Khutba

with 4 comments

Hakim al-Ummah Maulana Ashraf Ali al-Thanawi’s Introduction to Bayan al-Qur’an

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

الرحمن علم القران خلق الانسان علمه البيان هو الذي أرسل رسوله بالهدى ودين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله وكفى بالله شهيدا محمد رسول الله والذين معه أشداء على الكفار رحماء بينهم تراهم ركعا سجدا يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا سيماهم في وجوههم من أثر السجود ذلك مثلهم في التوراة ومثلهم في الإنجيل كزرع أخرج شطأه فآزره فاستغلظ فاستوى على سوقه يعجب الزراع ليغيظ بهم الكفار وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات منهم مغفرة وأجرا عظيما أما بعد

Considering myself a person who has grasped only the alphabets while still studying at the Qur’anic school, I acknowledge that since a number of days, due to personal feelings and persistence from acquaintances, I had been contemplating that a concise tafsir of the Qur’an Majeed should be written which is inclusive of all necessities while leaving out the superfluous. However, when looking at the multitude of commentaries and translations, I considered this task to be redundant. Meanwhile, a new situation emerged with people starting to print translations of the Qur’an with extreme carelessness, solely with a business objective in mind. There were several topics filled therein which were out of accordance with the rules of Shariah, from which the average Muslim is greatly harmed. Although from time to time attempts were made to inform the public about the adverse effects of such translations through small pamphlets, since the trend of accessing translations had greatly increased, these pamphlets did not suffice in achieving their goal.

There was no tafsir at the time which could engage them and serve as a replacement for these innovated, shorthand tafsirs thus creating distaste from their study. Although there was no dearth of genuine tafaseer and translations produced by authentic scholarship – especially those belonging to the lineage of Shah Waliullah (RA) – however, what was to be done of the condition of the readers? In some tafsirs was their inability to understand Arabic and Persian, in others lay too much brevity or change in language which reduced their appeal. After careful thought and consultation with others, the necessity became apparent for a new tafsir that would on the one hand take care of the literary taste of the masses and on the other leave out no topic, be it part of the Qur’an or in some way related to its contents.

For a number of days this solution maintained itself in the form of a request and a constant reminder in my mind; finally, the pressing demands of my associates and the solution taking the form of a genuine need in my eyes as well as mind made me (start the task) in the name of Allah, placing my entire trust in Him and appeasing my conscience with the thought that even though I might not prove to be capable enough, my contemporary scholars would edit it and make it worthy of utilization.

Finally in Rabiul Awwal 1320 Hijri, I begin this task placing my entire expectation in Allah to make it beneficial for the people.

I briefly enlist the methodology which I have adhered to in this task:

First: I have rendered the translation of the Noble Qur’an in an easy to understand language with as precise wording 1 as possible.

Second: I have not used pure idiomatic expression in the translation for two reasons. First, being a townsman, I do not have expertise in idiom usage. Secondly, each place has its own set of popular idioms. If, for example, we use the idioms of Delhi, they might not be understood by those living in Lucknow and vice versa; similarly the idioms being used in Delhi and Lucknow will not be comprehended by those living in Hyderabad or the people belonging to various traditional Islamic schools (madaris). In short, idiom usage is not universal. I aimed at a translation which would, at the least, be understood by people living in all parts of India. Therefore I adhered to a pure literary style which bears eloquence as well as simplicity.

Third: Aside from the essence of the translation, those topics which were seen to be very important (the clarification of the translation dependent upon it), or some apparent doubt arose from the context of the Qur’an itself which was in need of reply, or if there was any inconsistency between the Qur’anic meaning and widely accepted research, or any such important matter, a ‘fa’ was used to indicate the start of a more thorough explanation on the matter. Aside from this, the tafsir was not made lengthy with delicate and subtle points 2 , lengthy stories, virtues, issues, etc. In other words, the aim is not to compile several topics, rather a solution to the Qur’an and a fulfillment of the need is intended.

Despite all of these remissions, however, there are many places where non-scholars and people who are not students of knowledge cannot do without the guidance of a scholar. It is therefore appropriate, rather required, that such individuals do not rely on their own intellect. They should study it formally with a scholar or advanced student of knowledge from time to time. At the very least, this much is certain that while studying, where there is any uncertainty, one should not try to focus-in and deduce the meaning; rather one should draw a line with a pencil to mark the location and consult with a scholar to figure it out – otherwise, there are high chances, rather there will definitely be misunderstandings.

Fourth: Whenever a verse contained multiple exegetical interpretations, I adopted only what seemed deserving of preference and did not engage in mentioning the others.

Fifth: In certain places, the meanings of the Qur’anic verses have been written in such a way that the relationship with the theme 3 is quite obvious, while at other places ‘Rabt’ (Relationship) was explicitly written as a heading after which the detailed topic followed.

Sixth: Among the different Fiqhi positions only the Hanafi School was taken into consideration. The opinions of the other madahib have been written in the footnotes, as needed.

Seventh: Along with the benefit of the common masses I also kept the benefit of the exceptional ones in mind. For their benefit I added a series of footnotes in which issues such as: Makki and Madani verses and Surahs, unfamiliar vocabulary, reasoning behind the usage of important rhetorical devices 4 , obscure syntax, issues of Fiqh and Theology (involving elusive deduction), circumstances behind revelation 5 and narrations, variations between Qur’anic readings which impacted and altered the sentence structure, wisdom and underlying reasons for what was adopted throughout the translation and tafsir — all have been given place with such brevity that an average student can understand it without difficulty. These footnotes shall prove very beneficial at the time of lecturing and teaching. Arabic was decided upon as the language for these footnotes so that the general public does not even desire to look at it; otherwise, understanding the language while not understanding the meaning would evoke undue distress.

I hope that Almighty Allah makes this work – whether one calls it a brief tafsir or a lengthy translation – beneficial to both the common Muslim as well as to the ones endowed with special intellectual or reasoning faculties. If the scholars begin by reading only the Qur’an as a self-study, and thereafter look in this tafsir for complicated matters and for those which remain abstract, inshallah ta’ala they will savour an added degree of pleasure and satisfaction.

I hope that the readers of this tafsir will invoke Allah’s mercy and forgiveness for me as this is the main desire which drives me to undertake this mighty task:

 

اے کہ برما میروی دامن کشاں * از سر اخلاص الحمدے بخواں

 

The style adopted in this tafsir is as follows:

The text lying outside the parenthesis is the translation while that lying within the parenthesis is an addition to the translation. Although this was sufficient for demarcation, as an added precautionary measure a line has been drawn over the translation as an indication of the literal translation of the Qur’anic text. In addition to this, the translation has also been written underneath each Qur’anic verse at the top of the page.

One more rule which has been followed is that in the footnotes, wherever a book has been quoted, the full name of the book has been written and whenever some alterations have been made while quoting a book, the word ‘min’ (from) has been added in front of the name of the book. The word, ‘Ustadhi’ (my teacher) refers to Hazrat Moulana Muhammad Yaqoob sahib ( RA) and the word, ‘Murshidi’ (My guide) refers to Hazrat Moulana al-Haj Imdadullah sahib quddisa sirruhum. In places where there is no mention of a source or reference, lowly me (Ahqar) has written it from his own memory or opinion.

الراقم
محمد اشرف علی التھانوی عفی عنہ
 

 

١ قوله تحت لفظی کی بھی رعایت ھے لكن إلتزاما للترادف مرة وأخذا بالحاصل أخرى ولقد جرأني عليه صنيع شيخ مشايخنا المسلم عند أصحابنا الشاه عبد القادر الدهلوي رحمه الله تعالى ولنسرد له أمثلة من ترجمته قوله تعالى ما أنزل عليه ترجمته جو کچھ اترا فعبر عن المجهول المتعدي بالمعروف اللازم قوله تعالى أولائك على هدًى من ربهم ترجمته انھوں نے راہ پائی ھے اپنے رب کی فعبر عن الخبر الاسمي بالفعلي ثم مادة الوجدان غير مذكورة في القران ثم لم يقع هدًى مضافا إلى الرب في القران قوله تعالى هم المفلحون ترجمته مراد کو پھونچے فعبر عن إسم الفاعل بالماضي قوله تعالى انما نحن مصلحون ترجمته ھمارا کام تو سوارنا ھے فعبر بما تعريبه انما شأننا الإصلاح وكم من بون بينهما وأمثال ذلك كثيرة في ترجمته رحمه الله تعالى لمن تتبعها ١٢

٢ ومنها نكات اختلاف العنوانات مع إتحاد المعنون كما تكلفوا في قوله تعالى في البقرة وإذ قلنا ادخلوا في هذه القرية الآية وقوله تعالى في الأعراف وإذ قيل لهم اسكنوا هذه القرية الآية من بيان النكات في إختلاف العنوانات بين الآيتين فان أمثال هذه النكات تكلفات وتعسفات والجواب الصحيح والحق الصريح في جميع هذه الأمور وما حاكاها ما نقله في روح المعاني عن الزمخشري من أنه لا بأس بإختلاف العبارتين إذا لم يكن هناك تناقض ولا تناقض بين هذه العنوانات وبالجملة التفنن في التعبير لم يزل دأب البلغاء وفيه من الدلالة على رفعة شأن المتكلم ما لا يخفى والقران الكريم مملو من ذلك ومن رام بيان سر لكل ما وقع فيه منه فقد رام ما لا سبيل إليه إلا بالكشف الصحيح والعلم اللدني والله يؤتي فضله من يشاء وسبحان من لا يحيط باسرار كتابه إلا هو

٣ مبني على اعتبار الربط والمناسبة فيما بين الآيات والدليل الشافي عليه عندي أنه لو لم يعتبر المناسبة بينها لما اختلف ترتيب التلاوة عن ترتيب النزول واللازم منتف بالتوقيف كما نصوا عليه ويؤيده ما في روح المعاني تحت آية واتقوا يوما ترجعون فيه إلى الله في رواية أخرى أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم قال جاءني جبرائيل فقال اجعلوها على رأس مائتين وثمانين آية من البقرة آه وروي أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم قال اجعلوها بين آية الربا وآية الدين ونحوه في التفسير المظهري ودلالته على ما ادعينا من التوقيف ظاهر وكذا الارتباط بين السور المرتبة معتبر لكن لا بالتوقيف بل باجتهاد الصحابة مع اجماعهم عليه فيما أراه والدليل الكافي عليه ما أخرجه أحمد والترمذي وأبو داود والنسائي وابن حبان والحاكم عن ابن عباس قال قلت لعثمان ما حملكم على أن عمدتم إلى الأنفال وهي من المثاني وإلى البراءة وهي من المئين فقرنتم بينهما ولم تكتبوا بينهما سطر بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ووضعتموها في السبع الطوال الحديث فهذا يدل على أن الاجتهاد له دخل في ترتيب السور وأيضاً وردت روايات مرفوعة وموقوفة مختلفة في ترتيب السور فدل على كونه غير توقيفي تركه الشارع مسكوتا عنه ثم اجمعوا على هذا الترتيب والآن لا يجوز مخالفته ١٢

٤ ومن البلاغة عند بعض المتأخرين ورود بعض المعاني في صورة المتشابهات فان صاحب التلويح عدها كنايات كما قال وأما عند علماء البيان فلان الكناية لفظ قصد بمعناه معنى ثان ملزوم له أي لفظ استعمل في معناه الموضوع له لكن لا ليتعلق به الاثبات والنفي ويرجع إليه الصدق والكذب بل لينتقل منه إلى ملزومه فيكون هو مناط الاثبات والنفي ومرجع الصدق والكذب كما يقال فلان طويل النجاد قصدا بطول النجاد إلى طول القامة فيصح الكلام وإن لم يكن له نجاد قط وإن استحال المعنى الحقيقي كما في قوله تعالى والسماوات مطويات بيمينه وقوله تعالى الرحمن على العرش استوى وأمثال ذلك فان هذه كلها كنايات عند المحققين من غير لزوم كذب لان استعمال اللفظ في معناه الحقيقي وطلب دلالته عليه انما هو لقصد الانتقال منه إلى ملزومه وح لا حاجة إلى ما قيل أن الكناية مستعملة في المعنى الثاني لكن مع جواز إرادة المعنى الأول ولو في محل آخر وباستعمال آخر بخلاف المجاز فانه من حيث أنه مجاز مشروط بقرينة مانعة عن إرادة الموضوع له آه قلت لو أولت المتشابهات كما ذهب إليه أكثر المتأخرين تسهيلا للأمر على الأذهان الضعيفة فالذي ذكره هذا الفاضل أقرب التأويلات ولو لم تأول كما هو مذهب السلف أخذا بالأحوط والأسلم فالخطب هين فافهم ١٢

٥ اعلم أنه ربما يقع اختلاف بين الروايات في سبب النزول ووجه الجمع بينها أن السبب واحد منها والاخرى مقصودها بيان دخول الحكم الفلاني في عموم الآية لا بيان السبب كما نقل السيوطي في لباب النقول عن الزركشي قال في البرهان قد عرف من عادة الصحابة والتابعين أن احدهم إذا قال نزلت هذه الآية في كذا فانه يريد بذلك أنها تتضمن هذا الحكم لا لان هذا كان السبب في نزولها فهو من جنس الاستدلال على الحكم بالآية لا من جنس النقل لما وقع ١٢

 

  

Written by Yusuf Mullan

July 24th, 2009 at 5:10 am

Posted in Official

4 Responses to 'Bayan al-Qur’an Khutba'

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  1. MashaAllah , the introduction is very good and easy to understand;
    May Allah make the entire task very easy and give us the capabilities to understand and then apply the teachings in our lives.
    Please clarify ‘ are zamkshari and zarkashi two different scholars ? Till now I was had the misconcept that they are one .
    jazakallah

    Faqirah

    25 Jul 09 at 5:03 am

  2. Yes. They are two different scholars. al-Zamakhshari is an authority in Lugha related topics, specially Balagha. Here, his Tafsir al-Kasshaaf would be the book quoted frequently, although, he does have other books.

    al-Zarkashi is the author of a book in ‘Uloom al-Quran called Manahil al-’irfan, amongst other books.

    Yusuf Mullan

    25 Jul 09 at 7:04 am

  3. jazakallah for the clarification.

    Faqirah

    28 Jul 09 at 2:22 am

  4. One important note to those following this project. The author explains his formatting style in the following:

    The text lying outside the parenthesis is the translation while that lying within the parenthesis is an addition to the translation. Although this was sufficient for demarcation, as an added precautionary measure a line has been drawn over the translation as an indication of the literal translation of the Qur’anic text.

    In our rendering, we’ve chosen to use strong font to indicate the verses. In the case of Tafsiri statements, we’ve kept it out of the strong font. This deviation from the original was necessary because parenthesis serves as actual punctuation in English.. so we needed to have that available.

    Yusuf Mullan

    18 Aug 09 at 1:58 pm

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